Tratamento fechado em fratura mandibular: parassinfisária e côndilar bilateral ­ relato de caso clínico / Closed treatment in mandibular fracture: bilateral parasymphyseal and condyle ­ clinical case report

Objetivo: relatar um caso de fratura na região parassinfisária e côndilar bilateral após acidente ciclístico, tratada pela técnica de bloqueio maxilomandibular. Relato de caso: paciente do gênero feminino, 21 anos, deu entrada no Hospital Municipal Waldemar das Dores, Barão de Cocais, MG, vítima de acidente ciclístico, apresentando fratura de esmalte e dentina nos dentes 11 e 21, mordida aberta anterior, com incapacidade de atingir a máxima intercuspidação, juntamente com uma limitação de excursão lateral para o lado direito. Após exames tomográficos, foi constatada fratura completa de colo de côndilo direito, fratura em galho verde em côndilo esquerdo e fratura de cortical lingual parassinfisária. Por se tratar de uma paciente jovem e por apenas uma de suas fraturas apresentar-se completa (colo do côndilo direito), foi proposto tratamento fechado, por meio do bloqueio maxilomandibular. Conclusão: o bloqueio maxilomandibular foi considerado um tratamento eficaz no caso em questão, no qual foi possível estabelecer a consolidação das fraturas sem ocorrência de complicações pós-tratamento.(AU)

Objective: to report a case of fracture in the bilateral parasymphyseal and condylar region after a cycling accident, treated with the maxillomandibular block technique. Case report: a 21-yearold female patient was admitted to the Waldemar das Dores Municipal Hospital, Barão de Cocais, MG, Brazil, victim of a cycling accident, showing enamel and dentin fracture in teeth 11 and 21, anterior open bite, inability to reach maximum intercuspation, and a lateral excursion limitation to the right side. Tomographic examinations showed complete fracture of the right condyle neck, greenstick fracture in the left condyle, and parasymphyseal lingual cortical fracture. Considering it is a young patient with only one complete fracture (neck of the right condyle), a closed treatment was proposed through maxillomandibular block. Conclusion: maxillomandibular block was considered an effective treatment for the case in question, allowing to establish fracture consolidation without post-treatment complications.(AU)

Periodontal disease, peri-implant disease and levels of salivary biomarkers IL-1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF-ß and TNF-α: follow-up over 5 years.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary biomarkers IL-1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TG-ß and TNF-α in individuals with diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis in the absence or presence of periodontal and peri-implant maintenance therapy (TMPP) over 5 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty individuals diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis were divided into two groups: one group that underwent periodontal and peri-implant regularly maintenance therapy, called GTP (n=39), and a second group that received no regular maintenance GNTP (n=41). Each participant underwent a complete periodontal and peri-implant clinical examination. Collection of saliva samples and radiographic examination to evaluate peri-implant bone levels were conducted at two times: initial examination (T1) and after 5 years (T2). The salivary samples were evaluated through ELISA for the following markers: IL-1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF and TNF-α. RESULTS: A higher incidence of peri-implantitis was observed in the GNTP group (43.9%) than in the GTP group (18%) (p=0.000). All individuals (n=12) who presented peri-implant mucositis and had resolution at T2 were in the GTP group. After 5 years, there was an increase in the incidence of periodontitis in the GNTP group compared to the GTP group (p=0.001). The results of the study revealed an increase in the salivary concentration of TNF-α in the GNTP group compared to the GTP group. The other salivary biomarkers that were evaluated did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The salivary concentration of TNF-α was increased in individuals with worse periodontal and peri-implant clinical condition and in those with a higher incidence of peri-implantitis, especially in the GNTP group. Longitudinal studies in larger populations are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the role of this biomarker in peri-implant disease.

Periodontal disease, peri-implant disease and levels of salivary biomarkers IL-1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF-ß and TNF-α: follow-up over 5 years

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary biomarkers IL-1β, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TG-β and TNF-α in individuals with diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis in the absence or presence of periodontal and peri-implant maintenance therapy (TMPP) over 5 years. Material and Methods Eighty individuals diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis were divided into two groups: one group that underwent periodontal and peri-implant regularly maintenance therapy, called GTP (n=39), and a second group that received no regular maintenance GNTP (n=41). Each participant underwent a complete periodontal and peri-implant clinical examination. Collection of saliva samples and radiographic examination to evaluate peri-implant bone levels were conducted at two times: initial examination (T1) and after 5 years (T2). The salivary samples were evaluated through ELISA for the following markers: IL-1β, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF and TNF-α. Results A higher incidence of peri-implantitis was observed in the GNTP group (43.9%) than in the GTP group (18%) (p=0.000). All individuals (n=12) who presented peri-implant mucositis and had resolution at T2 were in the GTP group. After 5 years, there was an increase in the incidence of periodontitis in the GNTP group compared to the GTP group (p=0.001). The results of the study revealed an increase in the salivary concentration of TNF-α in the GNTP group compared to the GTP group. The other salivary biomarkers that were evaluated did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions The salivary concentration of TNF-α was increased in individuals with worse periodontal and peri-implant clinical condition and in those with a higher incidence of peri-implantitis, especially in the GNTP group. Longitudinal studies in larger populations are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the role of this biomarker in peri-implant disease.

Could the biomarker levels in saliva help distinguish between healthy implants and implants with peri-implant disease? A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The most accurate data help to minimize possible mistakes on a patient´s evaluation, as more robust findings are necessary to establish a correct diagnosis, prognosis and, consequently, better treatment. PURPOSE: Could biomarker levels in the saliva help to distinguish between healthy implants and implants with peri-implant disease? MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic database search of Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, OVID and Scielo was performed. The articles and abstracts identified were considered relevant if they compared cytokine levels in saliva from patients with healthy implants to those in saliva from patients with untreated peri-implantitis. RESULTS: Lower salivary levels of interleukin 1ß were found in healthy implants than in inflamed implants. A significantly positive correlation was found between the salivary levels of IL-6 and peri-implant inflammatory conditions. The salivary concentrations of total antioxidants, urate and ascorbate were higher in healthy implants than in inflamed implants. The data extracted from the 6 studies evaluated in this review revealed heterogeneity in relation to the clinical parameters assessed, implant restoration, bone loss and peri-implant disease definitions. CONCLUSIONS: There was no clear, developed basis for using any specific biomarker in a clinical setting to distinguish between healthy implants and those with peri implant disease.

Doença peri-implantar e níveis dos marcadores salivares IL 1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF e TNF-α: estudo observacional de 5 anos e revisão sistemática / Doença peri-implantar e níveis dos marcadores salivares IL-1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF-ß, e TNF-α: estudo observacional de 5 anos e revisão sistemática / Peri-implant disease and levels of salivary biomarkers IL-1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF and TNF-α: a 5 years follow-up and systematic review

A literatura recente apresenta inúmeros estudos sobre associação entre as doenças peri-implantares (DPi) e níveis de marcadores inflamatórios no fluido do sulco peri-implantar, em biópsias de tecido gengival e sangue. Surpreendentemente, poucos são os estudos de marcadores salivares relacionados à presença e progressão das DPi, uma vez que a saliva representa um meio não invasivo, de fácil coleta e baixo custo. Neste contexto, esta tese apresenta dois estudos distintos: (1) Estudo observacional longitudinal sobre a condição clínica peri-implantar associada aos níveis dos marcadores salivares IL-1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF e TNF-α em indivíduos com diagnóstico de mucosite peri-implantar (MP) na ausência e presença de terapia regular de manutenção periodontal e peri-implantar (TMPP); e (2) Revisão sistemática com a seguinte questão focal: "Os níveis de biomarcadores salivares podem ajudar a distinguir implantes saudáveis de implantes com doença peri-implantar ?" A metodologia do estudo longitudinal envolveu 80 indivíduos diagnosticados com MP, que foram divididos em dois grupos: um que realizou terapia de manutenção periodontal e peri-implantar, chamado de GTP (n=39), e um outro sem manutenção (GNTP, n=41). Cada participante submeteu-se a um exame clínico periodontal e peri-implantar completo [registro do nível clínico de inserção (NCI); profundidade de sondagem periodontal (PS) e peri-implantar (PSi); sangramento à sondagem periodontal (SS) e peri-implantar (SSi); supuração (Si); índice de placa periodontal (IP) e peri-implantar (IPi)], exame radiográfico, para avaliação dos níveis ósseos peri-implantares e coleta de amostras de saliva em dois tempos: exame inicial (T1) e decorridos 5 anos (T2). As amostras salivares foram congeladas e posteriormente avaliadas através do teste de ELISA. Observou-se uma maior incidência de peri-implantite (PI) no grupo GNTP (43,9%) do que no grupo GTP (18%) (p = 0.000). Todos os indivíduos (n = 12) que apresentaram resolução da MP em T2 estavam no GTP. Houve um aumento no número de indivíduos com periodontite no GNTP quando comparado T1 (22,0%) e T2 (41.5%) (p = 0.001). Os resultados imunológicos revelaram um aumento na concentração salivar do TNF-α no GNTP comparado ao GTP. Os demais marcadores salivares avaliados não mostraram alteração estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos. Concluiu-se que a ausência de consultas regulares para manutenção periodontal/peri-implantar foi associada com pior condição clínica periodontal e peri-implantar, maior incidência de PI e um aumento significativo nos níveis de TNF-α, sugerindo ser este um marcador salivar promissor para a progressão das DPi. Adicionalmente, a revisão sistemática demonstrou que não há evidências sólidas para concluir que os biomarcadores salivares poderiam ajudar a distinguir entre implantes saudáveis de implantes com PI. Além disso, sugere-se que os resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela devido a inclusão de muitos estudos na revisão sistemática com um alto risco de viés.(AU)

Recent literature presents numerous studies on the association between peri-implant diseases (DPi) and levels of inflammatory biomarkers in peri-implant sulcus fluid, in gingival tissue and blood biopsies. Surprisingly, rare are studies on salivary markers related to the presence and progression of DPi, since saliva is abundant, its collection is an easy, low cost and, non-invasive method. In this sense, this thesis presents two distinct studies. The first (longitudinal) study that aimed to evaluate the peri-implant clinical condition and levels of the salivary markers IL 1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF, and TNF-α in individuals in the presence and absence of periodontal/ peri-implant maintenance (TMPP). The second study, a systematic review, focused in answer the following question: Could biomarker levels in the saliva help to distinguish between healthy implants and implants with peri-implant disease? The longitudinal study methodology involved 80 individuals diagnosed with mucositis (MP), who were divided into two groups: a group that underwent periodontal and peri-implant maintenance therapy, called GTP (n = 39), and a second group without regular maintenance, called GNTP (n = 41). Each participant underwent a complete periodontal and peri-implant clinical examination [recording of the clinical level of insertion (NCI), periodontal probing depth (PS) and peri-implant probing depth (PSI), periodontal bleeding (SS) and peri-implant bleeding (SSi), suppuration (SU); periodontal plaque (IP) and peri-implant plaque (IPi) indexes], radiographic examination for evaluation of peri-implant bone levels and collection of saliva samples at two times: initial examination (T1) and after 5 years (T2). The salivary samples were frozen and then evaluated by ELISA's method for the following markers: IL 1ß, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP- 2, TGF and TNF-α. Results: A higher incidence of peri-implantitis (PI) was noted in the GNTP group (43.9%) than in the GTP group (18%) (p = 0.000). All the individuals (n = 12) who presented resolution of MP in T2 were from the GTP group. There was an increase in the number of individuals with periodontitis in GNTP when comparing T1 (22.0%) to T2 (41.5%) (p = 0.001). The result of the study revealed an increase in the salivary concentration of TNF-α in GNTP compared to GTP. The other salivary markers evaluated did not show statistically significant alteration between the two groups. Conclusion: The absence of regular consultations for periodontal / peri-implant maintenance was associated with worse periodontal and peri-implant clinical condition, higher incidence of PI, and a significant increase in TNF-α levels: suggesting this promising salivary marker for the prognosis and diagnosis of DPi.Additionally, the systematic review has shown that there is no solid evidence to conclude that salivary biomarkers could help distinguish between healthy implant implants with PI. Besides that, it is suggested that the results should be interpreted with caution due to the inclusion of many studies, in the systematic review, with a high risk of bias.(AU)

Dental Implants With Immediate Loading Using Insertion Torque of 30 Ncm: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a review of the literature regarding the survival rate of dental implants with immediate loading using insertion torque of 30 Ncm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (PROSPERO CRD42014015323). The search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library electronic, OVID, and Scielo databases. Manual searches were also performed. The articles identified were assessed independently by 3 researchers. Clinical trials reporting dental implants with immediate loading and 30 Ncm torque in patients ages 18 years or older were included. RESULTS: The searches yielded 589 studies. Six studies were included in the systematic review. The survival rate of dental implants was 96.8%. Three studies showed a low potential risk of bias. CONCLUSION: There is not strong evidence that insertion torque of 30 Ncm is enough for implant survival in cases of immediate loading.

Região posterior da maxila: atualizando conceitos anatômicos com o avanço da tecnologia de superfícies. Relato de caso clínico / The posterior maxilla: An update of anatomical notions based on advances in endosseousimplant surface technology. A case report

Objetivo: desde o início da especialidade Implantodontia, o tratamento reabilitador por meio de implantes na região posterior de maxila foi considerado um grande desafio para o profissional. As limitações das técnicas e materiais empregados geraram conceitos errôneos, principalmente quanto às definições de classificações ósseas, criando um conceito de osso pobre, que condizia com o nível elevado de insucessos de tratamentos realizados com superfícies de implantes pouco evoluídas. Revisando a literatura a respeito da origem embriológica tecidual da maxila e sua anatomia, observa-se a grande capacidade regenerativa de ossos medulares que são ricos em células mesenquimais. Métodos: destaca-se, nesse relato de caso clínico, a falha de um implante de superfície maquinada, fixado por técnica de osteotomia em região de primeiro molar de maxila, que foi substituído por implante de superfície SLA (sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched), com acompanhamento de taxa de sobrevivência de cinco anos. Resultados: avaliações clínica e radiográfica, em períodos de revisão semestral, foram realizadas, demonstrando a estabilidade de osseointegração do implante e a biocompatibilidade tecidual, além da funcionalidade da prótese realizada. Conclusão: em associação à vasta literatura científica que mostra a evolução tecnológica das superfícies de implantes que estimulam a transformação das células mesenquimais em osteoblastos, gerando, com isso, a osseointegração em períodos curtos de tempo, podemos sugerir que a região posterior de maxila se transforma em uma proposta previsível e segura de reabilitação por implantes.

Objective: Fixed implant-supported rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla is a challenge to dental professionals. Limitationsof technique and material have established wrong concepts, especially with regard to bone classification. Forinstance, the concept of poor-quality bone has been associated with high rates of therapeutic failure because of implantswith poorly evolved surfaces. A literature review on the embryological origin of tissues and the anatomy of the maxillahighlight the high regenerative ability of trabecular bone, which is rich in mesenchymal cells. Methods: The presentreport describes a case of failure of a machined-surface implant placed by osteotomy at the maxillary first molar region.The implant was replaced by a sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched SLA surface with a six-year survival rate follow-up.Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed every six months. Results: Data revealed implant osseointegrationstability as well as tissue biocompatibility and prosthetic functionality. Conclusion: The literature on technicallyadvanced implant surfaces suggests that the posterior maxilla is a safe and predictable site for fixed implant-supportedrehabilitation.